When valuing interest in private companies, discount for lack of marketability (DLOM), discount for lack of liquidity (DLOL), discount for lack of control (DLOC) or control premium and synergies affect the valuation. This article re-written for a global audience examines the impact of the DLOM, DLOC, DLOL and synergy on valuation and whether the impact holds in practice and to what extend.

When valuing interest in companies, discount for lack of marketability (DLOM), discount for lack of liquidity (DLOL), discount for lack of control (DLOC) or control premium and synergies affect the valuation. This article written for ICAI RVO examines the impact of the DLOM, DLOC, DLOL and synergy on valuation and whether the impact holds in practice and to what extend.

The article looks at from a developed world perspective the impact of various components (called Option Greeks) on price of options - traded and otherwise, whether it affects employee stock options.

I wrote a module for the MBF Course for the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India covering various aspects of valuing options. Copyright released in favor of the ICAI. The module is available here